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HMA Recycling

HMA is one of the most recycled products in the U.S. It is estimated that as much as 91 million tonnes (100 million tons) of HMA are milled off roads during resurfacing and widening projects each year...

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Mix Selection Guidance

The National Asphalt Pavement Association (NAPA) has published some general rules Based for HMA mix type use, which are summarized in Table 1.  Notice that dense-graded HMA is generally appropriate for...

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Cold Plant Mix Recycling

AAPTP Project 05-01 Cold plant mix recycling, the less common of the two cold recycling methods, involves mixing RAP with an asphalt emulsion or foamed asphalt at a central or mobile plant facility. A...

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Full-Depth Reclamation

Although referred to as “full-depth reclamation”, this process is just an extension of the basic CIR principles to the entire HMA pavement depth plus a predetermined depth of the base material. FDR can...

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Dense-Graded

A dense-graded mix is a well-graded HMA mixture intended for general use. When properly designed and constructed, a dense-graded mix is relatively impermeable. Dense-graded mixes are generally referred...

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Open-Graded

An open-graded HMA mixture is designed to be water permeable (dense-graded and SMA mixes usually are not permeable). Open-graded mixes use only crushed stone (or gravel) and a small percentage of...

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Stone Matrix Asphalt

Stone matrix asphalt (SMA) is a gap-graded HMA (Figure 1) that is designed to maximize deformation (rutting) resistance and durability by using a structural basis of stone-on-stone contact (Figures...

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